E+H渦街流(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)也稱之為旋渦流(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)或卡門渦街流(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)。綜合吸(xi)收發(fa)達國家技術和總結多年研究生(sheng)產經(jing)驗的基礎(chu)上進(jin)行精心(xin)設計(ji)的產品,實現了產品智能(neng)化(hua)、標(biao)準化(hua)、系列化(hua)、通用(yong)化(hua)、生(sheng)產模具化(hua)、確(que)保(bao)產品質量(liang)(liang)的美(mei)觀性。該產品具有電路、功耗(hao)微低、量(liang)(liang)程比寬(kuan)、結構(gou)簡單、阻力(li)損失小、堅(jian)固耐用(yong)、用(yong)途廣、使(shi)用(yong)壽命長、工作(zuo)穩定、便(bian)于安(an)裝(zhuang)調(diao)試(shi)等特點。德國原(yuan)裝(zhuang)E+H渦街流(liu)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)
72F1H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 72F2H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 91WA1-BA2B10AKA4AA 91WA1-BA2B10AKA4AA
72F80-SE0AA1CAA4AW 50W1H-UC0A1AA0AAAW 50W1F-HA0A1AA0AAAW 80M50-AS2AAAAAAAAA
83F-40AD2SAAACAHAA 65F15-AE2AG1AAABAA 72F2H-SK0AA1CAA4AA 83I80-AD2WFBA1AGAJ
83I50-AD2WFBA1AGAJ 72F25-SE0AA1AAA4AW 91WA1-BA1B10ACA4AA 91WA1-BB1B10ACA5AA
91WA1-BB1B10ACA5AA 72F1H-SE0AA1AAA4AW 72F40-SE3AD1AAA4AA 72F1F-SE3AD1AAA4AA
72F1H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 72F2H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 80F80-AD2SAAAAADAD 50W2F-UD0A1AA0AAAA
50W1H-UC0A1AA0AAAA 50P1H-EC0A1AA0AAAA 72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AW 50W50-UA0A1AA0AAAA
72F2H-SA0AA1AAA4AW 80F80-AD2SAA4AAAAA 80F50-AD2SAA4AAAAA 53W4H-UD0B1AA0AHAA
53W2H-UD0B1AA0AHAA 53P1Z-AC0B1AA0AHAA 53P50-AA0B1AA0AHAA 72F40-SE0AA1AAA3AA
10H50-UF0A1AA0A4AA 50H1H-1F0A1AA0AAAA 50H1H-UF0A1AA0AAAA 10P25-EA0A1AA0A4AA
10P40-EA0A1AA0A4AA 10P65-EC0A1AA0A4AA 50P15-EA0A1AA0AAAW 83A02-ASVWAAAAAAAA
E+H渦街(jie)流量(liang)計(ji)也稱之為(wei)旋(xuan)渦流量(liang)計(ji)或(huo)卡門渦街(jie)流量(liang)計(ji)。綜(zong)合吸收(shou)發達國家技術(shu)和(he)總(zong)結(jie)多(duo)年研究(jiu)生產(chan)經驗(yan)的基礎上進(jin)行精心(xin)設(she)計(ji)的產(chan)品,實現了(le)產(chan)品智能化(hua)、標準化(hua)、系列化(hua)、通(tong)用化(hua)、生產(chan)模具化(hua)、確保產(chan)品質量(liang)的美觀(guan)性。該(gai)產(chan)品具有電路、功耗微低、量(liang)程比(bi)寬(kuan)、結(jie)構簡單、阻力損失小(xiao)、堅固耐用、用途廣、使用壽(shou)命長、工作穩(wen)定、便于(yu)安裝調試(shi)等特點。
參數及要求
◆測(ce)量(liang)介質: 氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)、液體(ti)、蒸氣(qi)(qi)
溫壓補償型渦街流量計——迪元儀表
◆連接(jie)方式(shi)(shi):法蘭卡裝式(shi)(shi)、法蘭式(shi)(shi)、插入(ru)式(shi)(shi)
◆口徑規格(ge) 法(fa)蘭卡裝式(shi)口徑選擇(ze) 25,32,50,80,10
◆法蘭連(lian)接式口徑選(xuan)擇(ze) 100,150,200
◆流量測量范(fan)圍(wei) 正(zheng)常測量流速范(fan)圍(wei) 雷諾數1.5×104~4×106;氣體5~50m/s; 液體0.5~7m/s
正(zheng)常測量(liang)流(liu)量(liang)范圍 液體(ti)、氣(qi)體(ti)流(liu)量(liang)測量(liang)范圍見(jian)表2; 蒸氣(qi)流(liu)量(liang)范圍見(jian)表3
◆測量精度(du) 1.0 1.5
◆被(bei)測(ce)介質溫度(du):常溫–25℃~100℃,高溫–25℃~150℃ -25℃~250℃
◆輸出(chu)(chu)信(xin)(xin)號 脈沖電(dian)壓(ya)輸出(chu)(chu)信(xin)(xin)號 高電(dian)平8~10V 低電(dian)平0.7~1.3V
◆脈沖占空(kong)比約50%,傳輸(shu)距(ju)離為100m
◆脈(mo)沖電流遠(yuan)傳信號 4~20 mA,傳輸距離為1000m
◆儀表(biao)使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)境 溫(wen)度(du):-25℃~+55℃ 濕度(du):5~90% RH50℃
分離式渦街流量計——迪元儀表
◆材質 不銹鋼, 鋁(lv)合金
◆電(dian)源 DC24V或鋰電(dian)池3.6V
◆防(fang)爆等 本(ben)安型(xing)iaIIbT3-T6,防(fang)護(hu)等 IP65
72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AA德國(guo)進(jin)口(非導電液體(ti))E+H渦街(jie)流量(liang)計
72F40-SE0AA1DAA4AW 72F25-SE0AA1DAA4AW 72F1H-SE0AA1DAA4AW 72F80-T56AA12AA4AW
72F80-SE0AA1DAA4AW 50H1H-0F0A1AB0AAAA 53W4H-UD0B1AA0AHAA 72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AA
91WA1-AA1B30RCC4AA 80F1H-AAASAARABFAA 10W1H-UC0A1AA0A4AA 50W1Z-UC0A1AA0AAAA
50W1F-UC0A1AA0AAAA 91WA1-AA2B12ACA4AA 91WA1-AA3B12ACA4AA 10P1H-EC1A1AA0A4AA
93WA2-AA3B10ACAGAA 40E15-AD2SAAAAA5AA 72F1F-SE0AA1DAA4AW 50W25-UA0A1AA0AAAW
50W50-UA0A1AA0AAAW 80F80-CD2SAAAAA3AA 72F80-SE0AA1AAA4AW 50H15-DB0A1AA0A3AA
50H04-DB1A1AA0A3AA 50H08-DAOA1AAOA4AA 50H08-DA0A1AA0A3AA 72W1F-SE0AA1AAA4AA
50P25-EA1A1AA0ABAA 50W1F-UC0A1AA0ABAA 50W2H-UD0A1AA0ABAA 65F40-BE2AG1AAAAAA
50P50-EA1A1AA0BAAA 50P80-EA1A1AA0BAAA 80M50-AS2AABAAAAA8 73F2H-SD4AA1AAA4AA
10W50-UA0A1AA0A4AA 50w50-UA0A1AA0AAAW 53P15-EL2B1BG1BGAK 50P2H-EC0A1AA0AAA3
50P50-EA0A1AA0AAAA 83M25-ASBAAABEBHAA 83M25-ASAAAABEBHAA 90WA0-AB3A10ACAAAA
72F25-SE0AA1AAA4AW 50W4F-HC0A1AK4ACAW 72W1H-SE1AA1AAA4AW 72F1H-SE1AA1AAA4AW
10H65-UF0A1AA0A4AA 91WA1-BA1A10ACA4AA 53W80-HC0B1AA0AAAA 72F80-SE0AA1AAA4AA
50W2H-HD0A1AK2AAAA 50W8H-HD0A1AK2AAAA 50W3H-HD0A1AK2AAAA 72F80-SE1AA1AAA4AW
10P32-EA0A1AA0A4AA 10P80-EC1A1AA0B4AA 10P50-EA1A1AA0A4AA 50P1H-EA0A1AA0AAAA
72F25-SE1AA1CAB4AW 50P32-EF1A1AA0AAAW 50P15-EF1A1AA0AAAW 50P50-EA1A1AA0BAAA
50P80-EA1A1AA0BAAA 80M50-AS2AABAAAAA8 50W1H-HC0A1AA0AAAW 50P15-EA0A1AA0AAAW
10P32-EA0A1AA0A4AA 50W50-UA0A1AA0AAAW 91WA1-AA2A10ACA4AA 53P2H-EC0B1AA0AAAA
93WA2-AB3B10ACAAAA 5BH08-VF0A1AB041A1 53H40-1F0B1AA0ADAA 72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AA
72F1F-SE0AA1AAA4AA 72F2H-SE0AA1AAA4AA 10W40-UA0A1AA0A4AA 10W1Z-UC0A1AA0A4AA
德國(guo)進(jin)口(kou)(非導(dao)電液(ye)體)E+H渦(wo)街(jie)流量計原理:在流體中設置三角柱型(xing)旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)發(fa)生體,則從旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)發(fa)生體兩側交替地(di)產生有規則的旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo),這種(zhong)旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)稱為卡門旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo),旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)列(lie)在旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)發(fa)生體下游非對稱地(di)排列(lie)。
渦(wo)(wo)街(jie)流(liu)量計是根據卡門渦(wo)(wo)街(jie)原理(Kármán Vortex Street)測量氣體(ti)、蒸汽(qi)或液體(ti)的體(ti)積(ji)流(liu)量、標(biao)況(kuang)的體(ti)積(ji)流(liu)量或質(zhi)量流(liu)量的體(ti)積(ji)流(liu)量計。并可作為流(liu)量變送(song)器(qi)應用(yong)于自(zi)動化控制系統中。
渦街流(liu)量計是應用流(liu)體(ti)(ti)振蕩(dang)原(yuan)理來測(ce)量流(liu)量的(de),流(liu)體(ti)(ti)在管道中經過渦街流(liu)量變(bian)送器時(shi),在三角(jiao)柱的(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)渦發生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)后(hou)上(shang)下交替產生(sheng)正比于流(liu)速的(de)兩列(lie)旋(xuan)(xuan)渦,旋(xuan)(xuan)渦的(de)釋放頻(pin)率與流(liu)過旋(xuan)(xuan)渦發生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)平(ping)均速度(du)及旋(xuan)(xuan)渦發生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)特征寬度(du)有(you)關,可(ke)用下式表(biao)示:
式中:為旋(xuan)渦
德國進口(非導電液體)E+H渦(wo)街流量計
72F1H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 72F2H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 91WA1-BA2B10AKA4AA 91WA1-BA2B10AKA4AA
72F80-SE0AA1CAA4AW 50W1H-UC0A1AA0AAAW 50W1F-HA0A1AA0AAAW 80M50-AS2AAAAAAAAA
83F-40AD2SAAACAHAA 65F15-AE2AG1AAABAA 72F2H-SK0AA1CAA4AA 83I80-AD2WFBA1AGAJ
83I50-AD2WFBA1AGAJ 72F25-SE0AA1AAA4AW 91WA1-BA1B10ACA4AA 91WA1-BB1B10ACA5AA
91WA1-BB1B10ACA5AA 72F1H-SE0AA1AAA4AW 72F40-SE3AD1AAA4AA 72F1F-SE3AD1AAA4AA
72F1H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 72F2H-SE3AD1AAA4AA 80F80-AD2SAAAAADAD 50W2F-UD0A1AA0AAAA
50W1H-UC0A1AA0AAAA 50P1H-EC0A1AA0AAAA 72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AW 50W50-UA0A1AA0AAAA
72F2H-SA0AA1AAA4AW 80F80-AD2SAA4AAAAA 80F50-AD2SAA4AAAAA 53W4H-UD0B1AA0AHAA
53W2H-UD0B1AA0AHAA 53P1Z-AC0B1AA0AHAA 53P50-AA0B1AA0AHAA 72F40-SE0AA1AAA3AA
10H50-UF0A1AA0A4AA 50H1H-1F0A1AA0AAAA 50H1H-UF0A1AA0AAAA 10P25-EA0A1AA0A4AA
10P40-EA0A1AA0A4AA 10P65-EC0A1AA0A4AA 50P15-EA0A1AA0AAAW 83A02-ASVWAAAAAAAA
E+H渦(wo)街(jie)流(liu)量(liang)計也稱(cheng)之為旋渦(wo)流(liu)量(liang)計或卡門(men)渦(wo)街(jie)流(liu)量(liang)計。綜合吸收發達(da)國(guo)家技術和(he)總結(jie)多年研究生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經驗的基礎上(shang)進行精心設計的產(chan)(chan)品(pin),實(shi)現了產(chan)(chan)品(pin)智能化(hua)(hua)、標準化(hua)(hua)、系列化(hua)(hua)、通用化(hua)(hua)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模具(ju)化(hua)(hua)、確保產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)的美觀性。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具(ju)有電路、功耗微低(di)、量(liang)程比(bi)寬(kuan)、結(jie)構簡單、阻(zu)力損失小、堅固(gu)耐用、用途廣、使用壽命長(chang)、工作穩定(ding)、便于(yu)安裝調試等特點。德國原裝E+H渦街流量計
參數(shu)及要(yao)求
◆測量介質: 氣(qi)體(ti)、液(ye)體(ti)、蒸氣(qi)
溫壓補償(chang)型(xing)渦街流量計(ji)——迪元儀表
◆連接方式(shi):法蘭卡裝式(shi)、法蘭式(shi)、插入(ru)式(shi)
◆口(kou)徑規格(ge) 法蘭卡裝(zhuang)式口(kou)徑選(xuan)擇(ze) 25,32,50,80,10
◆法蘭連接式口徑選擇 100,150,200
◆流量測量范圍(wei) 正常測量流速范圍(wei) 雷諾數(shu)1.5×104~4×106;氣體(ti)5~50m/s; 液體(ti)0.5~7m/s
正常(chang)測(ce)量(liang)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)范(fan)圍 液體、氣體流(liu)(liu)量(liang)測(ce)量(liang)范(fan)圍見(jian)表2; 蒸氣流(liu)(liu)量(liang)范(fan)圍見(jian)表3
◆測量精度 1.0 1.5
◆被測介(jie)質溫(wen)度:常(chang)溫(wen)–25℃~100℃,高溫(wen)–25℃~150℃ -25℃~250℃
◆輸(shu)出信號(hao) 脈沖電壓輸(shu)出信號(hao) 高電平8~10V 低電平0.7~1.3V
◆脈沖占空(kong)比(bi)約50%,傳輸距離為100m
◆脈沖電(dian)流遠(yuan)傳信號 4~20 mA,傳輸距(ju)離為(wei)1000m
◆儀表使用環境 溫度:-25℃~+55℃ 濕度:5~90% RH50℃
分離式渦街流量計(ji)——迪元(yuan)儀表
◆材(cai)質 不銹(xiu)鋼, 鋁(lv)合金
◆電源 DC24V或鋰電池3.6V
◆防(fang)(fang)爆等 本(ben)安(an)型iaIIbT3-T6,防(fang)(fang)護等 IP65
72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AA德國進口(非(fei)導電液體)E+H渦街(jie)流量(liang)計
72F40-SE0AA1DAA4AW 72F25-SE0AA1DAA4AW 72F1H-SE0AA1DAA4AW 72F80-T56AA12AA4AW
72F80-SE0AA1DAA4AW 50H1H-0F0A1AB0AAAA 53W4H-UD0B1AA0AHAA 72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AA
91WA1-AA1B30RCC4AA 80F1H-AAASAARABFAA 10W1H-UC0A1AA0A4AA 50W1Z-UC0A1AA0AAAA
50W1F-UC0A1AA0AAAA 91WA1-AA2B12ACA4AA 91WA1-AA3B12ACA4AA 10P1H-EC1A1AA0A4AA
93WA2-AA3B10ACAGAA 40E15-AD2SAAAAA5AA 72F1F-SE0AA1DAA4AW 50W25-UA0A1AA0AAAW
50W50-UA0A1AA0AAAW 80F80-CD2SAAAAA3AA 72F80-SE0AA1AAA4AW 50H15-DB0A1AA0A3AA
50H04-DB1A1AA0A3AA 50H08-DAOA1AAOA4AA 50H08-DA0A1AA0A3AA 72W1F-SE0AA1AAA4AA
50P25-EA1A1AA0ABAA 50W1F-UC0A1AA0ABAA 50W2H-UD0A1AA0ABAA 65F40-BE2AG1AAAAAA
50P50-EA1A1AA0BAAA 50P80-EA1A1AA0BAAA 80M50-AS2AABAAAAA8 73F2H-SD4AA1AAA4AA
10W50-UA0A1AA0A4AA 50w50-UA0A1AA0AAAW 53P15-EL2B1BG1BGAK 50P2H-EC0A1AA0AAA3
50P50-EA0A1AA0AAAA 83M25-ASBAAABEBHAA 83M25-ASAAAABEBHAA 90WA0-AB3A10ACAAAA
72F25-SE0AA1AAA4AW 50W4F-HC0A1AK4ACAW 72W1H-SE1AA1AAA4AW 72F1H-SE1AA1AAA4AW
10H65-UF0A1AA0A4AA 91WA1-BA1A10ACA4AA 53W80-HC0B1AA0AAAA 72F80-SE0AA1AAA4AA
50W2H-HD0A1AK2AAAA 50W8H-HD0A1AK2AAAA 50W3H-HD0A1AK2AAAA 72F80-SE1AA1AAA4AW
10P32-EA0A1AA0A4AA 10P80-EC1A1AA0B4AA 10P50-EA1A1AA0A4AA 50P1H-EA0A1AA0AAAA
72F25-SE1AA1CAB4AW 50P32-EF1A1AA0AAAW 50P15-EF1A1AA0AAAW 50P50-EA1A1AA0BAAA
50P80-EA1A1AA0BAAA 80M50-AS2AABAAAAA8 50W1H-HC0A1AA0AAAW 50P15-EA0A1AA0AAAW
10P32-EA0A1AA0A4AA 50W50-UA0A1AA0AAAW 91WA1-AA2A10ACA4AA 53P2H-EC0B1AA0AAAA
93WA2-AB3B10ACAAAA 5BH08-VF0A1AB041A1 53H40-1F0B1AA0ADAA 72F50-SE0AA1AAA4AA
72F1F-SE0AA1AAA4AA 72F2H-SE0AA1AAA4AA 10W40-UA0A1AA0A4AA 10W1Z-UC0A1AA0A4AA
德(de)國(guo)進口(非導電液體(ti))E+H渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)街(jie)流(liu)量計原(yuan)理:在流(liu)體(ti)中(zhong)設置三(san)角(jiao)柱型旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)體(ti),則(ze)(ze)從旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)體(ti)兩側交(jiao)替地產生(sheng)(sheng)有規則(ze)(ze)的旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),這(zhe)種(zhong)旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)稱為卡門旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo),旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)列在旋(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)體(ti)下游非對稱地排列。
渦街流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計是根據(ju)卡門(men)渦街原理(Kármán Vortex Street)測量(liang)(liang)氣體(ti)、蒸汽或(huo)液體(ti)的體(ti)積(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)、標(biao)況(kuang)的體(ti)積(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)或(huo)質量(liang)(liang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)的體(ti)積(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)計。并可作為流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)送器應用于(yu)自動化(hua)控制系統(tong)中。
渦街(jie)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)計是應用流(liu)(liu)體(ti)振蕩原理來測量(liang)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)的(de),流(liu)(liu)體(ti)在管(guan)道中經過渦街(jie)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)變送(song)器時,在三角(jiao)柱的(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)渦發(fa)生(sheng)體(ti)后(hou)上下交替產生(sheng)正比于流(liu)(liu)速的(de)兩列(lie)旋(xuan)(xuan)渦,旋(xuan)(xuan)渦的(de)釋放(fang)頻率與流(liu)(liu)過旋(xuan)(xuan)渦發(fa)生(sheng)體(ti)的(de)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)平均速度(du)及旋(xuan)(xuan)渦發(fa)生(sheng)體(ti)特征(zheng)寬(kuan)度(du)有關,可(ke)用下式(shi)表(biao)示(shi):
式中:為(wei)旋渦的(de)(de)釋放(fang)頻率(lv),單位(wei)為(wei)Hz;v為(wei)流(liu)過旋渦發(fa)生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)平均速度,單位(wei)為(wei)m/s;d為(wei)旋渦發(fa)生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)特征寬度,單位(wei)為(wei)m;Sr為(wei)斯特勞(lao)哈爾數(Strouhal number),無量(liang)綱(gang),它(ta)的(de)(de)數值范圍為(wei)0.14-0.27。
St是雷諾數(shu)的函數(shu)。
當雷諾數(shu)Re在范圍內,St值約為0.2。在測量(liang)中,要盡量(liang)滿足(zu)流體的雷諾數(shu)在,此時旋渦頻率。
由此,通過(guo)測量(liang)(liang)旋(xuan)渦頻(pin)率(lv)就可以計算出流(liu)過(guo)旋(xuan)渦發生體(ti)(ti)的流(liu)體(ti)(ti)平(ping)均速(su)度v,再由式(shi)可以求出流(liu)量(liang)(liang)q,其中A為流(liu)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)過(guo)旋(xuan)渦發生體(ti)(ti)的截面積。
的釋放頻率,單位為Hz;v為流過旋(xuan)渦(wo)發生體的流體平(ping)均速度,單位為m/s;d為旋(xuan)渦(wo)發生體特(te)征寬度,單位為m;Sr為斯特(te)勞哈爾數(Strouhal number),無量綱(gang),它的數值(zhi)范圍(wei)為0.14-0.27。
St是雷諾數的(de)函數。
當雷諾數Re在(zai)范圍內,St值約為(wei)0.2。在(zai)測量(liang)中,要(yao)盡量(liang)滿足流體的雷諾數在(zai),此時旋渦頻率。
由(you)此,通過測量旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)頻率就可以計算出(chu)流(liu)過旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)發生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)平(ping)均速度v,再由(you)式可以求(qiu)出(chu)流(liu)量q,其中(zhong)A為流(liu)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)過旋(xuan)(xuan)渦(wo)(wo)發生(sheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)截面積。德國原裝E+H渦街流(liu)量計